出處：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication
Main IPC methods
| Method | Short Description | Provided by (operating systems or other environments) |
|---|---|---|
| File | A record stored on disk that can be accessed by name by any process | Most operating systems |
| Signal | A system message sent from one process to another, not usually used to store information but instead give commands. | Most operating systems; some systems, such as Windows, implement signals in only the C run-time library and provide no support for their use as an IPC method[citation needed] |
| Socket | A data stream sent over a network interface, either to a different process on the same computer or to another computer | Most operating systems |
| Message queue | An anonymous data stream similar to the pipe, but stores and retrieves information in packets. | Most operating systems |
| Pipe | A two-way data stream interfaced through standard input and output and is read character by character. | All POSIX systems, Windows |
| Named pipe | A pipe implemented through a file on the file system instead of standard input and output. | All POSIX systems, Windows |
| Semaphore | A simple structure that synchronizes threads or processes acting on shared resources. | All POSIX systems, Windows |
| Shared memory | Multiple processes given access to the same memory, allowing all to change it and read changes made by other processes. | All POSIX systems, Windows |
| Message passing(shared nothing) | Similar to the message queue. | Used in MPI paradigm, Java RMI, CORBA, DDS, MSMQ, MailSlots,QNX, others |
| Memory-mapped file | A file mapped to RAM and can be modified by changing memory addresses directly instead of outputting to a stream, shares same benefits as a standard file. | All POSIX systems, Windows |